Tero Tulenheimo: Classical Negation and Game-Theoretical Semantics

Typical applications of Hintikka's game-theoretical semantics (GTS) give rise to semantic attributes --- truth, falsity --- expressible in the \Sigma^1_1 fragment of second-order logic. Actually a much more general notion of semantic attribute is motivated by strategic considerations. When identifying such a generalization, the notion of classical negation plays a crucial role. We study two languages, L_1 and L_2, in both of which two negation signs are available: \neg and \sim. The latter is the usual GTS negation which transposes the players' roles, while the former will be interpreted via the notion of mode. Logic L_1 extends IF logic; \neg behaves as classical negation in L_1. Logic L_2 extends L_1 and it is shown to capture the \Sigma^2_1 fragment of third-order logic. Consequently the classical negation remains inexpressible in L_2.